Automated checks vs. manual accessibility review
Automated tools help with
- Finding common patterns quickly (e.g., missing labels, some contrast issues).
- Providing early feedback to prevent frequent mistakes.
- Improving consistency during development.
But manual review is essential for
- Real usability with keyboard, screen reader, and Braille.
- Meaningful alternative text (not just “alt exists”).
- Logical heading structure, reading order, and focus order.
- Clear forms, errors, instructions, and task completion.
Manual testing becomes more powerful when the evaluator understands HTML structure (headings, landmarks, labels, links, forms). That’s why learning basic HTML is a practical pathway for blind people to influence accessibility changes more directly.
How I do a 10-minute manual review (keyboard + screen reader)
This quick pass will not replace a full audit, but it often reveals the most impactful problems fast. (Works well with NVDA/JAWS/VoiceOver/TalkBack + keyboard navigation.)
- Keyboard only: Press Tab from the top. Can you reach everything? Any “keyboard traps”?
- Visible focus: Do you always know where you are (focus indicator clear)?
- Skip link: Is there a “Skip to main content” link that works?
- Headings: Use H navigation. Do headings describe sections logically (H1 then H2, etc.)?
- Landmarks/regions: Can you jump to navigation/main/footer easily?
- Links: List links. Do they make sense out of context (avoid “click here”)?
- Forms: Check each input. Is there a proper label? Are errors announced and understandable?
- Buttons & controls: Are names/roles/states announced correctly (“expanded/collapsed”, “checked”)?
- Images: Are images intentionally handled—described when they convey information or context, and intentionally ignored only when they are truly decorative?
- Language check: Listen with a screen reader. Is the page read in the correct language and clearly understandable?
For a blind person, learning HTML helps connect what they hear and feel through a screen reader or Braille display to what needs fixing in the code: headings, labels, landmarks, link text, and structure.